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Message: [QUOTE="Steven D'Aprano, post: 3609694"] The old way: foo = {} for key in all_the_keys: foo[key] = 1 The new way: foo = dict.fromkeys(all_the_keys, 1) Harder to say what you want to do than to just do it. The long way: for key in foo: if bar.has_key(key): foo[key] = foo[key] + bar[key] Probably a better way: for key, value in foo.iteritems(): foo[key] = value + bar.get(key, 0) You should also investigate the update method of dictionaries. From an interactive session, type: help({}.update) then the Enter key. [/QUOTE]