[QUIZ] Plot the Shape (#211)

[Daniel Moore]

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

The three rules of Ruby Quiz:

1. Please do not post any solutions or spoiler discussion for this
quiz until 48 hours have elapsed from the time this message was
sent.

2. Support Ruby Quiz by submitting ideas and responses
as often as you can!
Visit: http://rubyquiz.strd6.com/suggestions

3. Enjoy!

Suggestion: A [QUIZ] in the subject of emails about the problem
helps everyone on Ruby Talk follow the discussion. Please reply to
the original quiz message, if you can.

RSS Feed: http://rubyquiz.strd6.com/quizzes.rss

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

## Plot the Shape (#211)

Kvetha Rubyists,

This week's quiz was submitted by Alan at http://rubyquiz.strd6.com/suggestions

Somewhere on a 10x20 grid is a 10 block shape. The shape parts are all
adjacent, either horizontally, vertically or diagonally.

Write a simple algorithm that will list the co-ordinates of the 10
parts of the shape. Try to minimize lookups to the grid.

Here is an example shape to get started (you may need to copy into a
monospaced font):

0123456789ABCDEFGHIJ
0....................
1....................
2.........@@.........
3........@...........
4........@@@@@.......
5.............@......
6............@.......
7....................
8....................
9....................


Have Fun!

--
-Daniel
http://rubyquiz.strd6.com

P.S. Submitting quiz ideas is fun and easy. Visit
http://rubyquiz.strd6.com/suggestions to find out more!

 

[Sandro Paganotti]

[Note: parts of this message were removed to make it a legal post.]

Hello,
Here's my solution, it works also with grid with different sizes but it does
not
check the adjacency of the shape parts.

http://github.com/sandropaganotti/R...9ae764efaa463b376b90eb9/211_plot_the_shape.rb

Sandro

 

[brabuhr]

## Plot the Shape (#211)

Somewhere on a 10x20 grid is a 10 block shape. The shape parts are all
adjacent, either horizontally, vertically or diagonally.

Write a simple algorithm that will list the co-ordinates of the 10
parts of the shape. Try to minimize lookups to the grid.

Six little methods. The first two started with some simplifying assumptions:
* The grid is stored in a "convenient" data-structure
* The grid only contains one shape
* The shape doesn't violate any of the rules
The third dispenses with the convenient structure and simply
brute-force scans the whole grid. The last three build on each other
until the sixth iteration attempts to follow the part adjacency rules
and minimize lookups (and is super-super-ugly-code .

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

$input = <<-EO
....................
....................
.........@@.........
........@...........
........@@@@@.......
.............@......
............@.......
....................
....................
....................
EO

def foo1
# assuming the grid is stored hash-like, keyed on coordinate
grid = {}
$input.split.each_with_index{|line, y|
line.split(//).each_with_index{|char, x|
grid[[x,y]] = char
}
}

# reject by value and return the keys
grid.reject{|k,v| v != "@"}.keys
end

def foo2
# assuming the grid is stored hash-like, keyed on value
grid = {}
$input.split.each_with_index{|line, y|
line.split(//).each_with_index{|char, x|
(grid[char] ||= []) << [x,y]
}
}

# return the value
grid['@']
end

def foo3
# grid is stored nested-array-liked, indexed by row then column
grid = $input.split

rows, cols, parts = grid.size, grid[0].size, []

# :-( my 'clever' duck is defeated by 1.8's String#[]
rows.times{|r| cols.times{|c| parts << [c,r] if grid[r][c] == 64 }}
parts
end

def foo4
# grid is stored nested-array-liked, indexed by row then column
grid = $input.split

rows, cols, parts, checked = grid.size, grid[0].size, [], {}

until (parts.size == 10)
# pick a random spot
r, c = rand(rows), rand(cols)
next if checked[[r,c]] # skip if we've already checked this one
checked[[r,c]] = true
next unless grid[r][c] == 64 # skip if this one isn't a part
parts << [c,r] # store if it is a part
end

parts
end

def foo5
# grid is stored nested-array-liked, indexed by row then column
grid = $input.split

rows, cols, parts, checked = grid.size, grid[0].size, [], {}

until (parts.size == 10)
# pick a random spot
r, c = rand(rows), rand(cols)
next if checked[[r,c]] # skip if we've already checked this one
checked[[r,c]] = true
next unless grid[r][c] == 64 # skip if this one isn't a part
parts << [c,r] # store if it is a part

# check the current parts neighbors
(-1..1).each do |dc|
(-1..1).each do |dr|
cprime = (c + dc).abs
rprime = (r + dr).abs
next if checked[[rprime,cprime]] # skip if we've already
checked this one
checked[[rprime,cprime]] = true
next unless grid[rprime][cprime] == 64 # skip if this one isn't a part
parts << [cprime,rprime] # store if it is a part
end
end
end

parts
end

def foo6
# grid is stored nested-array-liked, indexed by row then column
grid = $input.split

rows, cols, parts, checked = grid.size, grid[0].size, [], {}

l = lambda {|r, c, parts, checked|
# check the current parts neighbors
(-1..1).each do |dc|
(-1..1).each do |dr|
cprime = (c + dc).abs
rprime = (r + dr).abs
next if checked[[rprime,cprime]] # skip if we've already
checked this one
checked[[rprime,cprime]] = true
next unless grid[rprime][cprime] == 64 # skip if this one isn't a part
parts << [cprime,rprime] # store if it is a part
l.call(rprime, cprime, parts, checked) # recurse to check more neighbors
end
end
}

loop do
# pick a random starting spot
r, c = rand(rows), rand(cols)
next if checked[[r,c]] # skip if we've already checked this one
checked[[r,c]] = true
next unless grid[r][c] == 64 # skip if this one isn't a part
parts << [c,r] # store if it is a part
l.call(r, c, parts, checked)
break
end

parts
end

p foo1.sort
p foo2.sort
p foo3.sort
p foo4.sort
p foo5.sort
p foo6.sort

#(ruby 1.8.6)=>
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]
[[8, 3], [8, 4], [9, 2], [9, 4], [10, 2], [10, 4], [11, 4], [12, 4],
[12, 6], [13, 5]]

 

[Kendall Gifford]

Here's the first solution that came to my mind. Nothing tricky or
efficient really. Just gets the job done. It uses recursion to search
adjacent squares so as to meet the requirement/suggestion to avoid
merely doing a linear search of the whole game board (at least, that's
what I read into it).

This supports boards of arbitrary size and can be configured via
constants to support a different maximum number of characters to
search for (and specific character to search for).

It assumes the board, if provided, is rectangular.

http://snipt.org/kmnm

(Just noticed I left in a hard-coded regex using the '@' character;
otherwise this supports searching for a different character)

 

[Chris Cacciatore]

My solution is in two parts:
-divide and conquerer until a '@' is found
-use a recursive backtracker starting from the seed coord. found in
step 1.

I am not positive about my worst-case analysis on lookups.

-C

$map = File.new(ARGV[0]).inject([]){|a,line| a << line.split("")}
#vertical line
m = lambda {|x| (1..10).detect{|y| $map[y][x] == '@'}}
#horizontal line
n = lambda {|y| (1..20).detect{|x| $map[y][x] == '@'}}
#find a coordinate with an '@'; worst case 118 lookups
seed =
[[n.call(5),5],[n.call(6),6],[10,m.call(10)],[6,m.call(6)],[3,m.call(3)],[8,m.call(8)],\
[16,m.call(16)],[13,m.call(13)],[18,m.call(18)]].detect{|a| a[1]
!= nil and a[0] != nil}
#recursive maze solver; worst case 80 lookups
$visits = {}
def m_solver(a,found)
x,y = a[0],a[1]
return if found >= 10
if $visits["#{y},#{x}"] == nil
puts "#{x-1 > 9 ? (x-1+55).chr : (x-1)},#{y-1}"
found += 1;$visits["#{y},#{x}"] = true
end
#vertical or horizontal
m_solver([x,y-1],found) if y-1 >= 1 and $map[y-1][x] == '@' and
$visits["#{y-1},#{x}"] == nil
m_solver([x,y+1],found) if y+1 <= 10 and $map[y+1][x] == '@' and
$visits["#{y+1},#{x}"] == nil
m_solver([x-1,y],found) if x-1 >= 1 and $map[y][x-1] == '@' and
$visits["#{y},#{x-1}"] == nil
m_solver([x+1,y],found) if x+1 <= 20 and $map[y][x+1] == '@' and
$visits["#{y},#{x+1}"] == nil
#diagonal
m_solver([x-1,y-1],found) if y-1 >= 1 and x-1 >= 1 and
$map[y-1][x-1] == '@' and $visits["#{y-1},#{x-1}"] == nil
m_solver([x-1,y+1],found) if y+1 <= 10 and x-1 >= 1 and
$map[y+1][x-1] == '@' and $visits["#{y+1},#{x-1}"] == nil
m_solver([x+1,y-1],found) if x+1 <= 20 and y-1 >= 1 and
$map[y-1][x+1] == '@' and $visits["#{y-1},#{x+1}"] == nil
m_solver([x+1,y+1],found) if x+1 <= 20 and y+1 <= 10 and
$map[y+1][x+1] == '@' and $visits["#{y+1},#{x+1}"] == nil
end
#worst case 198 lookups
m_solver(seed,0)

 

[Chris Howe]

[Note: parts of this message were removed to make it a legal post.]

Here is my solution. On average, for a 10x10 grid with a 10 sized shape, it
will plot the shape in about 31.7 guesses. If you change the neighbors
definition to exclude diagonals, it does it in around 24 guesses. Worst
case scenario is of course the size of the grid.

I spent a fair amount of effort trying to collect statistical information
about the shapes I am generating, but experiments have shown that even
though there is a certain amount of non-uniformity in the distribution
across the board, it is not enough to gain a significant advantage in the
total number of guesses (probably less than a half a guess.)

--Chris

# The Shape class accomplishes a couple of things.
# First, it randomly generates shapes and provides some
# accounting, keeping track of how many lookups one does.

# Next, it acts as a kind of geometry manager for the board.
# (each, each_neighbors, get_neighbors. Changing the definition
# of each_neighbors can change the rules for what it means for
# squares to be adjacent.

# Finally, it keeps track of occupancy statistics for the board
# over successive regenerations of the shape.
class Shape
attr_reader :h,:w,:l,:count
def initialize(hh = 10, ww = 10, ll = 10)
@h,@w,@l=hh,ww,ll #height,width, shape size
@regens = @count = 0 #number of times shape generated, times dereferenced

@stats = [] #used to count frequency of occupancy

# seed the stats array with all 1s.
h.times { |y| @stats[y] = [ 1 ] * w }
@regens = h*w/(1.0 * l)
rebuild
end

def each_neighbors(xxx,yyy=nil)
if xxx.kind_of?( Array ) then
x,y = xxx[0],xxx[1]
else
x,y = xxx,yyy
end
lowx,hix = [x-1,0].max, [x+1,w-1].min
lowy,hiy = [y-1,0].max, [y+1,h-1].min
(lowy..hiy).each do |yy|
(lowx..hix).each do |xx|
yield([xx,yy]) unless x==xx and y==yy
end
end
end

def get_neighbors(x,y=nil)
result = []
each_neighbors(x,y) do |coords|
result.push(coords)
end
return result
end

def each
h.times { |y| w.times { |x| yield [x,y] } }
end

def rebuild()
@regens += 1 #increment the build count
@count = 0 #clear the deref count

#initialize board to contain only spaces
@board=[]
h.times { |y| @board[y] = [" "] * w }

neighbors = []
shape = []

l.times do
if neighbors.length == 0 then
# first piece - place it anywhere
x,y = [w,h].map {|z| (rand*z).to_i}
else
# subsequent pieces - pick a random neighbor
x,y = neighbors[ (rand * neighbors.length).to_i ]
end
@board[y][x] = "@" #mark occupancy
@stats[y][x] += 1 #track occupancy

shape |= [ [x,y] ] # add choice to list of shape coords

# update neigbors
neighbors -= [[x,y]]
neighbors |= get_neighbors(x,y) - shape
end
return self
end

def to_s
return @board.map { |x| x.join "" }.join("\n") + "\nTotal Lookups:
#{@count}\n"
end

def [](xx,yy=nil)
if xx.kind_of?(Array) then
x,y = xx[0],xx[1]
else
x,y = xx,yy
end
@count += 1
return @board[y][x]
end

def stats
norm_stats = []
h.times do |y|
norm_stats[y] = []
w.times do |x|
# correct stats for rotation and reflection symmetry
norm_stats[y][x] = (@stats[y][x] + @stats[-y-1][x] + @stats[-y-1][-x-1]
+ @stats[y][-x-1] + @stats[x][y] + @stats[-x-1][y] + @stats[-x-1][-y-1] +
@stats[x][-y-1])/(8.0*@regens)
end
end
return norm_stats
end

def statstring
return stats.map { |y| y.map { |x| "%0.3f" % x}.join(" ") }.join("\n")
end
end

class ShapePlot
def initialize(r = Shape.new, c=0)
@shape = r
c.times {@shape.rebuild}
@stats = @shape.stats
@plays = 0
@count = 0
reset
end

def reset
@guesses = []
@members = []
@neighbors = []
@choices = []
@shape.each { |coords| @choices << coords }
end

def to_s
board = []
@shape.each { |x,y| @shape.h.times { |y| board[y] = [ " " ] * @shape.w }}
@neighbors.each { |x,y| board[y][x] = "." }
@guesses.each { |x,y| board[y][x] = "x" }
@members.each { |x,y| board[y][x] = "@" }
header = "+" + ("-"*(@shape.w*2-1)) + "+\n"
return header + "|" + board.map{|x| x.join(" ")}.join("|\n|") + "|\n" +
header
end

def choose_random(p_list)
sum = 0
#choose from among the choices, probibilistiacally, weighted by
#the occupation probabilities
p_list.each { |p,c| sum += p }
r = rand * sum
p_list.each do |p,c|
r -= p
return c if r <= 0
end

# shouldnt ever be here, but return the last one anyway
puts "BAAAAD"
puts p_list
puts @shape
return p_list[-1][1]
end

def build_weighted(list)
return list.map {|x| [ @stats[x[1]][x[0]], x ]}
end

def guess_none_known
return choose_random( build_weighted( @choices ) )
end

def guess_some_known
choices = @neighbors - @guesses
return choose_random( build_weighted( choices ) )
end

def found_a_hit(coords)
# update the members of the shape
@members += [ coords ]
x,y=coords
# calculate the neigbors of the new piece
@neighbors += @shape.get_neighbors(x,y)
# the intersection of @members and @neighbors should be empty, but
# we are subtracting out @guesses, which includes all @members when
# we go to pick a choice list anyway...
end

def guess
#choose a square to look at
# if we know some part of the shape is known, restrict guesses
# to neighbors of the stuff we know
#if we dont know any of them yet, choose from the whole board
x,y = coords = (@members.length > 0 ? guess_some_known : guess_none_known)
@guesses += [coords]
@choices -= [coords]
if @shape[x,y]=="@" then
found_a_hit(coords)
end
end

def play( draw = false)
reset

# upldate statistics before we update the shape
@stats = @shape.stats
@shape.rebuild
while @members.length < @shape.l
guess
puts self if draw
end

@plays +=1
@count += @shape.count
return @shape.count
end

def report
mean = @count / (1.0 * @plays)
puts "After #{@plays} plays, the mean score is: #{mean}"
end
end

q = ShapePlot.new
q.play(true)
999.times { q.play }
q.report