MM> The red bricks are places like Leeds. Leeds was founded in the
MM> late nineteenth century as a branch of London University, and
MM> become independent in the early 20th century. The red brick
MM> universities were designed to train the growing professional,
MM> technical and managerial class. No one at Leeds would pretend
MM> that the university is better than Oxford, except perhaps in
MM> geography, which is a particular strength.
The situation is not so hierarchical in the US, and geography
complicates it considerably. There are a few really old colleges and
universities in the northeast US that were founded before 1800; most
of these have a liberal-arts focus, with the original curriculum
having been founded on an Oxbridge or German model, and many had an
outright religious affiliation or purpose. In terms of culture and
relative status, these are the American analogues of Oxford and
Cambridge; this includes the Ivy League, with one notable exception,
and a lot of the "little Ivies" such as Amherst, Williams, and
Bowdoin.
In the 19th century, a number of public land-grant universities were
established: the federal government gave land to the states in order
to found colleges, intended for education in agriculture and similar
practical things: the elite universities were focusing on classical
studies. There are also a number of universities, such as the
University of California at Berkeley and the University of Chicago,
that are not technically land-grant universities (because they were
not founded with a gift of federally-owned land) but which are
otherwise very similar to land grant universities. These are the
analogues of the red-brick universities.
And there are a number of schools founded later, as the midwestern US
and western US were settled. Stanford and Caltech were both founded
in 1891, for instance. The older universities have a lot of status in
some ways, but the quality of education and research is not nearly so
hierarchical as it seems to be in the UK based on your description.
It's also made rather more complex by geography: one may apply to
Harvard and get a degree from Harvard while taking mostly courses from
MIT, because they're a few train stops apart.
The concept of "no one at MIT would pretend that the university is
better than Harvard" is just bizarre; better at what? There are
things that MIT is better at than Harvard, and things that Harvard is
better at than MIT, and claiming that Harvard is better than MIT based
on age and status seems foolish: a reflection, perhaps, of the
differences between the US and UK notions of class.
Charlton