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Dear all, I am a perl beginner and I am suggested to parse HTML by using
other codes but not re-inventing the wheel.
The following code is from Internet Search but what i find is a lot of
subroutines. When I fed it with an HTM file, nothing is generated or printed
out. Would anybody tell me where all the TD elements it store?
-----------------------------------
# HTML parser
# Jim Davis, July 15 1994
# This is an HTML parser not an SGML parser. It does not parse a DTD,
# The DTD is implicit in the code, and specific to HTML.
# The processing of the HTML can be customized by the user by
# 1) Defining routines to be called for various tags (see Begin and End
arrays)
# 2) Defining routines html_content and html_whitespace
# This is not a validating parser. It does not check the content model
# eg you can use DT outside a DL and it won't know. It is too liberal in
# what tags are allowed to minimize what other tags.
# Bugs - can't parse the prolog or whatever you call it
# <!DOCTYPE HTML [
# <!entity % HTML.Minimal "INCLUDE">
# <!-- Include standard HTML DTD -->
# <!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//connolly hal.com//DTD WWW HTML 1.8//EN">
# %html;
# ]>
# modified 3 Aug to add a bunch of HTML 2.0 tags
# modified 3 Sept to print HTML stack to STDERR not STDOUT, to add new
# routines html_begin_doc and html_end_doc for application specific cleanup
# and to break parse_html into two pieces.
# modified 30 Sept 94. parse_attributes now handles tag attributes that
# don't have values. thanks to Bill Simpson-Young
<[email protected]>
# for the code.
# modified 17 Apr 95 to support FORMS tags.
# modified 8 Dec 95 by Daniel LaLiberte to centralize STDERR output
# so it may be switched off more easily.
$debug = 0;
$whitespace_significant = 0;
# global variables:
# $line_buffer is line buffer
# $line_count is input line number.
$line_buffer = "";
$line_count = 0;
sub printErr {
# All errors should be printed through here, so they may be turned off.
print STDERR @_ if $debug;
}
sub parse_html {
local ($file) = @_;
open (HTML, $file) || die "Could not open $file: $!\nStopped";
&parse_html_stream ();
close (HTML);}
# Global input HTML is the handle to the stream of HTML
sub parse_html_stream {
local ($token, $new);
## initialization
@stack=();
$line_count = 0;
$line_buffer = "";
## application specific initialization
&html_begin_doc();
main:
while (1) {
# if whitespace does not matter, trim any leading space.
if (! $whitespace_significant) {
$line_buffer =~ s/^\s+//;}
# now dispatch on the type of token
if ($line_buffer =~ /^(\s+)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_whitespace ($token);}
# This will lose if there is more than one comment on the line!
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<!--.*-->)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_comment ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<![^-][^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_comment ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<\/[^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_etag ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<[^!\/][^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_tag ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^([^\s<]+)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
$token = &substitute_entities($token); # not enough anyway.
&html_content ($token); }
else {
# No valid token in buffer. Maybe it's empty, or maybe there's an
# incomplete tag. So get some more data.
$new = <HTML>;
if (! defined ($new)) {last main;}
# if we're trying to find a match for a tag, then get rid of embedded
newline
# this is, I think, a kludge
if ($line_buffer =~ /^\</ && $line_buffer =~ /\n$/) {
chop $line_buffer;
$line_buffer .= " ";}
$line_buffer .= $new;
$line_count++;}
}
## cleanup
&html_end_doc();
if ($#stack > -1) {
&printErr ("Stack not empty at end of document\n");
&print_html_stack();}
}
sub html_tag {
local ($tag) = @_;
local ($element) = &tag_element ($tag);
local (%attributes) = &tag_attributes ($tag);
# the tag might minimize (be an implicit end) for the previous tag
local ($prev_element);
while (&Minimizes(&stack_top_element(), $element)) {
$prev_element = &stack_pop_element ();
if ($debug) {
&printErr ("MINIMIZING $prev_element with $element on $line_count\n");}
&html_end ($prev_element, 0);}
push (@stack, $tag);
&html_begin ($element, $tag, *attributes);
if (&Empty($element)) {
pop(@stack);
&html_end ($element, 0);}
}
sub html_etag {
local ($tag) = @_;
local ($element) = &tag_element ($tag);
# pop stack until find matching tag. This is probably a bad idea,
# or at least too general.
local ( $prev_element) = &stack_pop_element();
until ($prev_element eq $element) {
if ($debug) {
&printErr ("MINIMIZING $prev_element with /$element on $line_count
\n");}
&html_end ($prev_element, 0);
if ($#stack == -1) {
&printErr ("No match found for /$element. You will lose\n");
last;}
$prev_element = &stack_pop_element();}
&html_end ($element, 1);
}
# For each element, the names of elements which minimize it.
# This is of course totally HTML dependent and probably I have it wrong too
$Minimize{"DT"} = "DT
D";
$Minimize{"DD"} = "DT";
$Minimize{"LI"} = "LI";
$Minimize{"P"} = "PT:LI:H1:H2:H3:H4:BLOCKQUOTE:UL:OLL";
# Does element E2 minimize E1?
sub Minimizes {
local ($e1, $e2) = @_;
local ($value) = 0;
foreach $elt (split (":", $Minimize{$e1})) {
if ($elt eq $e2) {$value = 1;}}
$value;}
$Empty{"BASE"} = 1;
$Empty{"BR"} = 1;
$Empty{"HR"} = 1;
$Empty{"IMG"} = 1;
$Empty{"ISINDEX"} = 1;
$Empty{"LINK"} = 1;
$Empty{"META"} = 1;
$Empty{"NEXTID"} = 1;
$Empty{"INPUT"} = 1;
# Empty tags have no content and hence no end tags
sub Empty {
local ($element) = @_;
$Empty{$element};}
sub print_html_stack {
&printErr ("\n ==\n");
foreach $elt (reverse @stack) {&printErr (" $elt\n");}
&printErr (" ==========\n");}
# The element on top of stack, if any.
sub stack_top_element {
if ($#stack >= 0) { &tag_element ($stack[$#stack]);}}
sub stack_pop_element {
&tag_element (pop (@stack));}
# The element from the tag, normalized.
sub tag_element {
local ($tag) = @_;
$tag =~ /<\/?([^\s>]+)/;
local ($element) = $1;
$element =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
$element;}
# associative array of the attributes of a tag.
sub tag_attributes {
local ($tag) = @_;
$tag =~ /^<[A-Za-z]+ +(.*)>$/;
&parse_attributes($1);}
# string should be something like
# KEY="value" KEY2="longer value" KEY3="tags o doom"
# output is an associative array (like a lisp property list)
# attributes names are not case sensitive, do I downcase them
# Maybe (probably) I should substitute for entities when parsing attributes.
sub parse_attributes {
local ($string) = @_;
local (%attributes);
local ($name, $val);
get: while (1) {
if ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)\s*=\s*\"([^\"]*)\"/) {
$name = $1;
$val = $2;
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val; }
elsif ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)\s*=\s*(\S*)/) {
$name = $1;
$val = $2;
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val;}
elsif ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)/) {
$name = $1;
$val = "";
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val;}
else {last;}}
%attributes;}
sub substitute_entities {
local ($string) = @_;
$string =~ s/</</g;
$string =~ s/>/>/g;
$string =~ s/"/\"/g;
$string =~ s/ / /g;
# Other entities.
$string =~ s/&/&/g; # Do this last.
$string;}
@HTML_elements = (
"A",
"ADDRESS",
"B",
"BASE",
"BLINK", # Netscape addition :-(
"BLOCKQUOTE",
"BODY",
"BR",
"CITE",
"CENTER", # Netscape addition :-(
"CODE",
"DD",
"DIR",
"DFN",
"DL",
"DT",
"EM",
"FORM",
"H1", "H2", "H3", "H4", "H5", "H6",
"HEAD",
"HR",
"HTML",
"I",
"ISINDEX",
"IMG",
"INPUT",
"KBD",
"LI",
"LINK",
"MENU",
"META",
"NEXTID",
"OL",
"OPTION",
"P",
"PRE",
"SAMP",
"SELECT",
"STRIKE",
"STRONG",
"TITLE",
"TEXTAREA",
"TT",
"UL",
"VAR",
);
sub define_element {
local ($element) = @_;
$Begin{$element} = "Noop";
$End{$element} = "Noop";}
foreach $element (@HTML_elements) {&define_element($element);}
# do nothing
sub Noop {
local ($element, $xxx) = @_;}
# called when a tag begins. Dispatches using Begin
sub html_begin {
local ($element, $tag, *attributes) = @_;
local ($routine) = $Begin{$element};
if ($routine eq "") {
&printErr ("Unknown HTML element $element ($tag) on line $line_count\n");}
else {eval "&$routine;"}}
# called when a tag ends. Explicit is 0 if tag end is because of
minimization
# not that you should care.
sub html_end {
local ($element, $explicit) = @_;
local ($routine) = $End{$element};
if ($routine eq "") {
&printErr ("Unknown HTML element \"$element\" (END $explicit) on line
$line_count\n");}
else {eval "&$routine(\"$element\", $explicit)";}}
sub html_content {
local ($word) = @_;
}
sub html_whitespace {
local ($whitespace) = @_;}
sub html_comment {
local ($tag) = @_;}
# redefine these for application-specific initialization and cleanup
sub html_begin_doc {}
sub html_end_doc {}
# return a "true value" when loaded by perl.
1;
other codes but not re-inventing the wheel.
The following code is from Internet Search but what i find is a lot of
subroutines. When I fed it with an HTM file, nothing is generated or printed
out. Would anybody tell me where all the TD elements it store?
-----------------------------------
# HTML parser
# Jim Davis, July 15 1994
# This is an HTML parser not an SGML parser. It does not parse a DTD,
# The DTD is implicit in the code, and specific to HTML.
# The processing of the HTML can be customized by the user by
# 1) Defining routines to be called for various tags (see Begin and End
arrays)
# 2) Defining routines html_content and html_whitespace
# This is not a validating parser. It does not check the content model
# eg you can use DT outside a DL and it won't know. It is too liberal in
# what tags are allowed to minimize what other tags.
# Bugs - can't parse the prolog or whatever you call it
# <!DOCTYPE HTML [
# <!entity % HTML.Minimal "INCLUDE">
# <!-- Include standard HTML DTD -->
# <!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//connolly hal.com//DTD WWW HTML 1.8//EN">
# %html;
# ]>
# modified 3 Aug to add a bunch of HTML 2.0 tags
# modified 3 Sept to print HTML stack to STDERR not STDOUT, to add new
# routines html_begin_doc and html_end_doc for application specific cleanup
# and to break parse_html into two pieces.
# modified 30 Sept 94. parse_attributes now handles tag attributes that
# don't have values. thanks to Bill Simpson-Young
<[email protected]>
# for the code.
# modified 17 Apr 95 to support FORMS tags.
# modified 8 Dec 95 by Daniel LaLiberte to centralize STDERR output
# so it may be switched off more easily.
$debug = 0;
$whitespace_significant = 0;
# global variables:
# $line_buffer is line buffer
# $line_count is input line number.
$line_buffer = "";
$line_count = 0;
sub printErr {
# All errors should be printed through here, so they may be turned off.
print STDERR @_ if $debug;
}
sub parse_html {
local ($file) = @_;
open (HTML, $file) || die "Could not open $file: $!\nStopped";
&parse_html_stream ();
close (HTML);}
# Global input HTML is the handle to the stream of HTML
sub parse_html_stream {
local ($token, $new);
## initialization
@stack=();
$line_count = 0;
$line_buffer = "";
## application specific initialization
&html_begin_doc();
main:
while (1) {
# if whitespace does not matter, trim any leading space.
if (! $whitespace_significant) {
$line_buffer =~ s/^\s+//;}
# now dispatch on the type of token
if ($line_buffer =~ /^(\s+)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_whitespace ($token);}
# This will lose if there is more than one comment on the line!
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<!--.*-->)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_comment ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<![^-][^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_comment ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<\/[^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_etag ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^(\<[^!\/][^\>]*\>)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
&html_tag ($token);}
elsif ($line_buffer =~ /^([^\s<]+)/) {
$token = $1;
$line_buffer = $';
$token = &substitute_entities($token); # not enough anyway.
&html_content ($token); }
else {
# No valid token in buffer. Maybe it's empty, or maybe there's an
# incomplete tag. So get some more data.
$new = <HTML>;
if (! defined ($new)) {last main;}
# if we're trying to find a match for a tag, then get rid of embedded
newline
# this is, I think, a kludge
if ($line_buffer =~ /^\</ && $line_buffer =~ /\n$/) {
chop $line_buffer;
$line_buffer .= " ";}
$line_buffer .= $new;
$line_count++;}
}
## cleanup
&html_end_doc();
if ($#stack > -1) {
&printErr ("Stack not empty at end of document\n");
&print_html_stack();}
}
sub html_tag {
local ($tag) = @_;
local ($element) = &tag_element ($tag);
local (%attributes) = &tag_attributes ($tag);
# the tag might minimize (be an implicit end) for the previous tag
local ($prev_element);
while (&Minimizes(&stack_top_element(), $element)) {
$prev_element = &stack_pop_element ();
if ($debug) {
&printErr ("MINIMIZING $prev_element with $element on $line_count\n");}
&html_end ($prev_element, 0);}
push (@stack, $tag);
&html_begin ($element, $tag, *attributes);
if (&Empty($element)) {
pop(@stack);
&html_end ($element, 0);}
}
sub html_etag {
local ($tag) = @_;
local ($element) = &tag_element ($tag);
# pop stack until find matching tag. This is probably a bad idea,
# or at least too general.
local ( $prev_element) = &stack_pop_element();
until ($prev_element eq $element) {
if ($debug) {
&printErr ("MINIMIZING $prev_element with /$element on $line_count
\n");}
&html_end ($prev_element, 0);
if ($#stack == -1) {
&printErr ("No match found for /$element. You will lose\n");
last;}
$prev_element = &stack_pop_element();}
&html_end ($element, 1);
}
# For each element, the names of elements which minimize it.
# This is of course totally HTML dependent and probably I have it wrong too
$Minimize{"DT"} = "DT
D";$Minimize{"DD"} = "DT";
$Minimize{"LI"} = "LI";
$Minimize{"P"} = "P
T:LI:H1:H2:H3:H4:BLOCKQUOTE:UL:OLL";# Does element E2 minimize E1?
sub Minimizes {
local ($e1, $e2) = @_;
local ($value) = 0;
foreach $elt (split (":", $Minimize{$e1})) {
if ($elt eq $e2) {$value = 1;}}
$value;}
$Empty{"BASE"} = 1;
$Empty{"BR"} = 1;
$Empty{"HR"} = 1;
$Empty{"IMG"} = 1;
$Empty{"ISINDEX"} = 1;
$Empty{"LINK"} = 1;
$Empty{"META"} = 1;
$Empty{"NEXTID"} = 1;
$Empty{"INPUT"} = 1;
# Empty tags have no content and hence no end tags
sub Empty {
local ($element) = @_;
$Empty{$element};}
sub print_html_stack {
&printErr ("\n ==\n");
foreach $elt (reverse @stack) {&printErr (" $elt\n");}
&printErr (" ==========\n");}
# The element on top of stack, if any.
sub stack_top_element {
if ($#stack >= 0) { &tag_element ($stack[$#stack]);}}
sub stack_pop_element {
&tag_element (pop (@stack));}
# The element from the tag, normalized.
sub tag_element {
local ($tag) = @_;
$tag =~ /<\/?([^\s>]+)/;
local ($element) = $1;
$element =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
$element;}
# associative array of the attributes of a tag.
sub tag_attributes {
local ($tag) = @_;
$tag =~ /^<[A-Za-z]+ +(.*)>$/;
&parse_attributes($1);}
# string should be something like
# KEY="value" KEY2="longer value" KEY3="tags o doom"
# output is an associative array (like a lisp property list)
# attributes names are not case sensitive, do I downcase them
# Maybe (probably) I should substitute for entities when parsing attributes.
sub parse_attributes {
local ($string) = @_;
local (%attributes);
local ($name, $val);
get: while (1) {
if ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)\s*=\s*\"([^\"]*)\"/) {
$name = $1;
$val = $2;
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val; }
elsif ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)\s*=\s*(\S*)/) {
$name = $1;
$val = $2;
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val;}
elsif ($string =~ /^ *([A-Za-z]+)/) {
$name = $1;
$val = "";
$string = $';
$name =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
$attributes{$name} = $val;}
else {last;}}
%attributes;}
sub substitute_entities {
local ($string) = @_;
$string =~ s/</</g;
$string =~ s/>/>/g;
$string =~ s/"/\"/g;
$string =~ s/ / /g;
# Other entities.
$string =~ s/&/&/g; # Do this last.
$string;}
@HTML_elements = (
"A",
"ADDRESS",
"B",
"BASE",
"BLINK", # Netscape addition :-(
"BLOCKQUOTE",
"BODY",
"BR",
"CITE",
"CENTER", # Netscape addition :-(
"CODE",
"DD",
"DIR",
"DFN",
"DL",
"DT",
"EM",
"FORM",
"H1", "H2", "H3", "H4", "H5", "H6",
"HEAD",
"HR",
"HTML",
"I",
"ISINDEX",
"IMG",
"INPUT",
"KBD",
"LI",
"LINK",
"MENU",
"META",
"NEXTID",
"OL",
"OPTION",
"P",
"PRE",
"SAMP",
"SELECT",
"STRIKE",
"STRONG",
"TITLE",
"TEXTAREA",
"TT",
"UL",
"VAR",
);
sub define_element {
local ($element) = @_;
$Begin{$element} = "Noop";
$End{$element} = "Noop";}
foreach $element (@HTML_elements) {&define_element($element);}
# do nothing
sub Noop {
local ($element, $xxx) = @_;}
# called when a tag begins. Dispatches using Begin
sub html_begin {
local ($element, $tag, *attributes) = @_;
local ($routine) = $Begin{$element};
if ($routine eq "") {
&printErr ("Unknown HTML element $element ($tag) on line $line_count\n");}
else {eval "&$routine;"}}
# called when a tag ends. Explicit is 0 if tag end is because of
minimization
# not that you should care.
sub html_end {
local ($element, $explicit) = @_;
local ($routine) = $End{$element};
if ($routine eq "") {
&printErr ("Unknown HTML element \"$element\" (END $explicit) on line
$line_count\n");}
else {eval "&$routine(\"$element\", $explicit)";}}
sub html_content {
local ($word) = @_;
}
sub html_whitespace {
local ($whitespace) = @_;}
sub html_comment {
local ($tag) = @_;}
# redefine these for application-specific initialization and cleanup
sub html_begin_doc {}
sub html_end_doc {}
# return a "true value" when loaded by perl.
1;