With a few exceptions, operators are basic mathematical functions like
addition or division which we conventionally represent with symbols. C
lacks an exponential operator but has a "pow" fucntion, which
illustrates the essential equivalanence of operators and functions.
A few operators like the indirection operator (*) have no meaning in
standard mathematics but have a programming meaning. One function,
sizeof(), is technically an operator because of the way it evaluates
its argument.
the following don't correspond to mathematical functions
assignment, comma-operator, address-of, function application, [], *=,
+= (etc.), &&, ||, ->, ., ++, --, ?:
I'd argue *most* C operators don't correspond to well known
mathematical functions.
The following are well known mathematical functions that are library
fuinction and not operators in C
sin, cos, tan, etc.